In order to obtain complete coverage of an area, it is better to utilise a systematic sampling technique rather than a purely random technique. See Topic 3: Spatial sampling.

Quadrat sampling involves arranging a grid of cells over the study area and performing sampling within each cell. With point-based sampling, each sample may result in a count of the data within that cell eg. number of plants. With area-based sampling, each sample may result in a proportion of coverage of the feature within the cell eg. percentage of vegetation coverage.

Firstly identify the study region in which vegetation information is required.

Next determine a representative area within the study region in which a quadrat can be placed. Ensure that the range of vegetation species required is represented by the area chosen.

Next determine the quadrat cell size. This is dependent on the distribution and extent of the vegetation being sampled.One way to identify the distribution and extent of the vegetation is to
construct a species area curve- see example. This will help you to identify a cell size that is not too large nor too small.

Next georeference your quadrat cells by spatially coordinating the top-left corner of the first cell ie. row 1, column 1 and either the bearing of the rows or the coordinates of the top left corner of the last cell.

Next construct the quadrat cells (ie. using stakes, string, tape-measures and optical squares).

Record the vegetation measures for each cell.

1. Identify the study region.
2. Determine a representative area for your quadrats.
3. Determine the quadrat cell size.
4. Georeference the quadrat cells.
5. Construct the quadrat cells.
6. Record the vegetation measures for each cell.