Multipath Bibliography

last updated 27/11/00

Please email any corrections or additions to this list to: stewart@vesta.curtin.edu.au

Axelrad, P., Comp, C.J. and Macdoran, P.F. (1996) SNR-Based Multipath Error Correction for GPS Differential Phase, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 32, pp. 650-660.

Axelrad, P., C.J. Comp, and P.F. MacDoran, (1994) Use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Multipath Error Correction in GPS Differential Phase Measurements. ION-GPS 94, Salt Lake City, 655-666, September

Axelrad, P., K. Gold, P. Madhani, and A. Reichert, (1999) Analysis of Orbit Errors Induced by Multipath for the ICESat Observatory. ION GPS-99, Nashville, 11 pages, September.

Barnes J B, N Ackroyd and P A Cross (1998) Stochastic modelling for very high precision real-time kinematic GPS in an engineering environment. XXI Congress of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), Part 6, Paper TS13, p61-76 (ISBN 0-85406-902-X).

Bartone, C. and F. van Graas (1998), Airport Pseudolites for Local Area Augmentation, Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Palm Springs, April 20-23, pp. 479-486.

Becker, D., K.H. Thiel and P. Hartl (1994), A special Method of Managing Multipath Effects, Proceedings of ION GPS-94, Salt Lake City, September 20-23, pp. 157-163.

Braasch M S. Isolation of GPS Multipath and Receiver Tracking Errors. Navigation: Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 41, No. 4, Winter 1994-95.

Braasch M S, T. Murphy and R. Snow. GPS Multipath on Large Commercial Air Transport Airframes, NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 43, No. 4, Winter 1996-97.

Braasch M S. (1997) Autocorrelation Sidelobe Considerations in the Characterization of Multipath Errors IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 1997.

Braasch M S and A J Van Dierendonck (1999). GPS Receiver Architectures and Measurements., Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 1, January 1999.

Braasch M S (1996). Multipath Effects. in Chapter 14 of Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Vol. 1, edited by B. Parkinson, J. Spilker, Jr., P. Axelrad and P. Enge, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, D.C.

Braasch M S and F van Graas (1991). Guidance Accuracy Considerations for Realtime GPS Interferometry. ION GPS-91, Albuquerque, NM, September.

Braasch M S and F van Graas (1992). Mitigation of Multipath in DGPS Ground Reference Stations. Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 1992.

Braasch M S "Characterization of GPS Multipath Errors in the Final Approach Environment," ION GPS-92, Albuquerque, NM, September 1992.

Braasch M S (1994). Isolation of GPS Multipath and Receiver Tracking Errors. ION National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 24-26, 1994.

Braasch M S (1994).  Optimum Antenna Design for DGPS Ground Reference Stations. ION GPS-94, Salt Lake City, UT, September.

Braasch M S (1996). GPS Multipath Model Validation, IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 96, Atlanta, GA, April 22-25.

Braasch M S and A. J. Van Dierendonck (1997). Evaluation of GNSS Receiver Correlation Processing Techniques for Multipath and Noise Mitigation. Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, Santa Monica, CA, January 14-16, 1997.

Braasch M S and G McGraw (1999). GNSS Multipath Mitigation Using Gated and High Resolution Correlator Concepts. Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 25-27, 1999.

Braasch M S and J Kelly (2000). Validation of GPS Fading Multipath Effects through Modeling and Simulation. Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, Anaheim, CA, January 26-28.

Braasch M S and A. J. Van Dierendonck (1999). GPS Receiver Architectures and Measurements. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 1, January 1999.

Breeuwer, E. (1991), Modeling and Measuring GPS Multipath Effects, Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, January, 117 pp.

Breivik K, B. Forssel, C. Kee, P. Enge, T. Walter (1997). Estimation of Multipath Error in GPS Pseudorange, Measurements. Navigation, Vol.44, No.1, 43-52.

Brunner, F.K., Hartinger, H. and Troyer, L. (1999) GPS signal diffraction modelling: the stochastic SIGMA-D model, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 73, pp. 259-267.

Brodin, G., AGNSS Code and Carrier Tracking in the Presence of Multipath, ION GPS-96, p. 1389.

Buja, A., Hastie, T.J. and Tibshirani, R.J. (1989) Linear Smoothers and Additive Models, Annual of Statistics, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 453-555.

Carrascosa C, Colmenarejo P and Emilio J. Mora-Castro and Ortega G (1999) Multipath Effects in GPS Navigation for RendezVous Operations. 4th ESA International, Conference in Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems. October 1999.

Castro EJM, Carrascosa C and Ortega G (1998). Characterisation of the Multipath Effects on the GPS Pseudorange and Carrier Phase Measurements. Institute of Navigation (ION) GPS conference 1998.

Comp, C.J., GPS Carrier Phase Multipath Characterization and Mitigation Technique Using the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, 1996.

Comp, C.J. and P. Axelrad, "An Adaptive SNR-Based Carrier Phase Multipath Mitigation Technique", ION GPS-96, Kansas City, 683-697, September 1996.

Comp, C.J. and Axelrad, P. (1998) Adaptive SNR-Based Carrier Phase Multipath Mitigation Technique, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 264-276.

Cohen, C.E. (1992) Attitude Determination Using GPS, PhD Dissertation, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Cohen, C.E. and B.W. Parkinson (1991), Mitigating Multipath Error in GPS based Attitude Determination, Guidance and Control, Advances in Astronautical Sciences, 74, pp. 53-68.

Cross P A (1999) Accuracies achievable by GPS in practical engineering and surveying applications. Proceedings of Geodesy and Surveying in the Future: The Importance of Heights, National Land Survey of Sweden, Gävle, Sweden, 175-184.

Counselman, C (1999) Multipath-Rejecting GPS Antennas, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 1, January 1999.

Counselman, C.C. (1998), Array Antennas for DGPS, Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Palm Springs, April 20-23, pp. 352-357.

Cox, D.T., K.W. Shallberg, A. Manz (1999), Definition and Analysis of WAAS Receiver Multipath Envelopes, Proceedings of ION NTM-99, San Diego, January 25-27, pp. 827-838. (also in Navigation, Vol. 46, No.4, 271-282).

van Dierendonck, A.J., P. Fenton and T. Ford (1992), Theory and Performance of Narrow Correlator Technology in GPS Receiver, NAVIGATION: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 39, 3, pp. 265-283.

van Dierendonck, A.J. and M.S. Braasch (1997), Evaluation of GNSS Receiver Correlation Processing Techniques for Multipath and Noise Mitigation, Proceedings of National Technical Meeting, Santa Monica, pp. 207-215.

Fessler, J.A. (1991) Nonparametric Fixed-Interval Smoothing with Vector Splines, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 852-859.

Garin, L., F. van Diggelen and J. Rousseau (1996), Strobe & Edge Correlator Multipath Mitigation for Code, Proceedings of ION GPS-96, Kansas City, September 17-20, pp. 657-664.

Garin, L. and J. Rousseau (1997). Enhanced Strobe Correlator Multipath Rejection for Code & Carrier, Proceedings of ION GPS-97, Kansas City, September 16-19, pp. 559-568.

L. Ge, S. Han, & C. Rizos (2000). Multipath Mitigation of Continuous GPS Measurements Using an Adaptive Filter. GPS Solutions, Vol.4, No.2, 2000, 19-30

Genrich, J. and Bock, Y. (1992) Rapid Resolution of Crustal Motion at Short Ranges with the Global Positioning System, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, No. B3, pp. 3261-3269.

Georgiadou, Y. and A. Kleusberg (1988), On Carrier Signal Multipath Effects in Relative GPS Positioning, manuscripta geodatica, Springer-Verlag, 13, 3, pp. 172-179.

Green, P.J. and Silverman, B.W. (1994) Nonparametric Regression and Generalized Linear Models, Chapman & Hall, London, 182 pp.

Grejner-Brzezinska, D.A., Da, R. and Toth, C. (1998) GPS Error Modeling and OTF Ambiguity Resolution for High-Accuracy GPS/INS Integrated System, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 72, No. 11, pp. 626-638

Giulicchi L et al. (2000) Design and Testing of Shorted Annular Patch Antennas for Multipath Rejection in GPS-Based Attitude Determination Systems-7th Saint Petersburg Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Giulicchi, L,  A. Pasetti ·(1998) GPS Test System Series: Multipath Bias Compensation, ESTEC Technical Note.

Hagerman, L.L. (1973), Effects of Multipath on Coherent and Non-coherent PRN Ranging Receiver, Aerospace Report No. TOR-0073 (3020 – 03) –3, Development Planning Division, The Aerospace Corporation, 39 pp.

Hardwick, C.D. and Liu, J. (1996) Characterization of Phase and Multipath Errors for an Aircraft GPS Antenna, Navigation, Journal of the ION, Vol. 43, pp. 41-54.

Hannah, M.B., Walker, R.A. and Kubik, K. (1998) Toward a Complete Virtual Multipath Analysis Tool, Proceedings of ION GPS-98, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, pp. 1055-1063.

Hart, J.D (1997) Nonparametric Smoothing and Lack-of-Fit Tests, Springer, New York, 287 pp.

Hartinger H, Brunner FK (1998) Signal Distortion in High Precision GPS Surveys. Survey Review 34: 531-541

Hartinger H, Brunner FK (1998) Experimental Detection of Deformations using GPS. In: Kahmen H, Brückl E, Wunderlich T (eds) Geodesy for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering. Proc IAG Special Commission 4 Symposium Eisenstadt, pp 145-152

Hartinger H, Brunner FK (1999) Variances GPS Phase Observations: the SIGMA-e Model. GPS Solutions 2/4: 35-43

R. Hatch, R. Keegan and T. Stansell, ALeica=s Code and Phase Multipath Mitigation Techniques,@ in Proc. Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, pp. 217-225, January 1997.

Irish, K., K. Gold, G. Born, A. Reichert, and P. Axelrad, "Precision Orbit Determination for the Geosat Follow-On Satellites," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 35, No. 3, 336-341, May-June 1998.

Irish, K.J., K. Gold, G. Born, R. Markin, A. Reichert, P. Binning, P. Axelrad, and C. Behre, "Precision Orbit Determination for GFO and GFO-2," AAS 96-185, 1996 AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, February 13, 1996.

de Jong, K (1999). The Influence of Code Multipath on the Estimated Parameters of the Geometry-Free GPS Model. GPS Solutions, Vol.3, No.2, 11-18

Jia, M., Tsakiri, M., and Stewart, M. (1999) Mitigating Multipath Errors Using Semi-parametric Models for High Precision Positioning, Geodesy Beyond 2000, IAG 121 (Schwarz, ed.), pp. 393-398.

Kee, C. and B. W. Parkinson (1994), Calibration of Multipath Errors on GPS Pseudorange Measurements, Proceedings of ION GPS-94, Salt Lake City, September 20-23, pp. 353-362.

Langley, R.B. (1997) The GPS Error Budget, GPS World, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 51-56.

Lachapelle, G., W. Falkenberg, D. Neufeldt and P. Keilland (1989), Marine DGPS Using Code and Carrier in Multipath Environment, Proceedings of ION GPS-89, Colorado Springs, September 27-29, pp. 343-347.

Lachapelle, G., A. Bruton, J. Henriksen, M.E. Cannon and C. McMillan (1996), Evaluation of High Performance Multipath Reduction Technologies for Precise DGPS Shipborne Positioning, The Hydrographic Journal, 82, October, pp. 11-17.

Lisano M E, J.R. Carpenter, S. Gomez (1999). Navigation, Attitude Determination, and Multipath Analysis: Results from the STS-77 GPS Attitude and Navigation Experiment (GANE). Navigation, Vol.46, No.3, 175-192.

Macabiau C and B. Roturier (2000) AN-Multipath Performance of GPS Receivers,@ in Proceedings of the IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS 2000),San Diego, CA, March 2000.

Moelker, D. (1997)  Multiple Antennas for Advanced GNSS Multipath Mitigation and Multipath Direction Finding, Proceedings of ION GPS-97, Kansas City, September 16-19, pp. 541-550.

Murphy T, R. Snow, M. Braasch (1996). GPS Multipath on Large Commercial Air Transport Airframes. Navigation, Vol.43, No.4, 397-406.

van Nee, R. (1991) Multipath Effects on GPS Code Phase Measurement, Proceedings of ION GPS-91, Albuquerque, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 915-924.

van Nee R, A Spread Spectrum Code and Carrier Synchronization Errors Caused by Multipath and Interference (1993) IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 1359-1365, October 1993.

van Nee, R.D.J. (1995), Multipath and Multi-Transmitter Interference in Spread-Spectrum Communication and Navigation Systems, Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University Press, The Netherlands, 208 pp.

van Nee R, J. Siereveld, P. Fenton and B. Townsend, AThe Multipath Estimating Delay Lock Loop: Approaching Theoretical Accuracy Limits, Proc. IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, pp. 246-251, April 1994.

Nelson, L.M., P. Axelrad, and D.M. Etter (1997).Adaptive Detection of Code Delay and Multipath in a Simplified GPS Signal Model.  ION GPS-97, Kansas City, 569-581, September.

Ortega G, E Mora and C Carrascosa (1998). GPS Multipath Effects During the Shuttle to MIR RendezVous for the STS-84 Flight Atlantis. Institute of Navigation (ION) GPS conference 1998.

A. Pasetti, L.Giulicchi (1998) GPS Test System Series: Multipath Frequency Compensation, ESTEC Technical Note.

Pasetti A, L.Giulicchi (1999). Experimental Results on Three Multipath Compensation, -American Astronautical Society Guidance and Navigation Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado, USA (1999)

Pasetti A, L.Giulicchi (1998). GPS Test System Series: SNR Multipath Compensation, ESTEC Technical Note (1998)

Phelts R and P. Enge (2000).  Multipath Mitigation for Narrowband Receivers. Proceedings of the IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS 2000),San Diego, CA, March..

Ray, J.K. (1999), Use of Multiple Antennas to Mitigate Carrier Phase Multipath in Reference Stations, Proceedings of ION GPS-99, Nashville, September 14-17 (in press).

Ray, JK (2000). Mitigation of GPS Code and Carrier Phase Multipath Effects using a Multi-Antenna System, Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary,  February 2000, UCGE Report No. 20136.

Ray J.K., Cannon, M.E. and Fenton, P. (1998) Mitigation of Static Carrier Phase Multipath Effects Using Multiple Closely-Spaced Antennas, Proceedings of ION GPS-98, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, pp. 1025-1034.

Ray, J.K. (2000), Mitigation of GPS Code and Carrier Phase Multipath Effects Using a Multi-Antenna System, Ph.D. Thesis, UCGE Report No. 20136, Department of Geomatics Engineering, The University of Calgary, 260 pp.

Ray, J.K. and M.E. Cannon (1999), Characterization of GPS Carrier Phase Multipath, Proceedings of ION National Technical Meeting, San Diego, January 25-27, pp. 243-252.

Ray, J.K., M.E. Cannon and P. Fenton (1999a), Mitigation of Static Carrier Phase Multipath Effects Using Multiple Closely-Spaced Antennas, NAVIGATION: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 46, 3, Fall, pp. 193-202.

Ray, J. K., M.E. Cannon and P. Fenton (1999b), Code Range and Carrier Phase Multipath Mitigation using SNR, Range and Phase Measurements in a Multi-Antenna System, Proceedings of ION GPS-99, Nashville, September 14-17 (in press).

Raquet, Capt. J. and G. Lachapelle (1996), Determination and Reduction of GPS Reference Station Multipath using Multiple Receivers, Proceedings of ION GPS-96, Kansas City, September 17-20, pp. 673-681.

Reichert A., and P. Axelrad, "GPS Carrier Phase Multipath Reduction Using SNR Measurements to Characterize an Effective Reflector," ION GPS-99, Nashville, 10 pages, September 1999.

Reichert A.K., Correction Algorithms for GPS Carrier Phase Multipath Utilizing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Spatial Correlation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, 1999.

R. Schaal (2000). Quantifying Multipath using MNR Ratios. GPS Solutions, Vol.3, No.3,  44-48

Schnaufer B and G. McGraw, A Peak Tracking/Measurement Compensation Multipath Mitigation Technique,@ in Proceedings of the IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS 2000),San Diego, CA, March 2000.

Sennott, J (1999). Receiver Architectures for Improved Carrier Phase Tracking in Attenuation, Blockage, and Interference. GPS Solutions, Vol.3, No.2, 40-47

Sennott, J.W. and D. Pietrazewski (1987), Experimental Measurements and Characterization of Ionospheric and Multipath Errors in Differential GPS, NAVIGATION: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 34, 2, pp. 160-173.

Shi, J. and Cannon, M.E. (1995) Critical Error Effects and Analysis in Carrier Phase-based Airborne GPS Positioning over Large Areas, Bulletin Geodesique, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 261-273.

Sleewaegen, J. (1997), Multipath Mitigation, Benefits from using the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Proceedings of ION GPS-97, Kansas City, September 16-19, pp. 531-540.

Stansell, T.A. and J.E. Maenpa, (1999), ClearTrak^TM GPS Receiver Technology, Leica Geosystems Inc., Torrance, March, 8 pp.

Stewart, M., Tsakiri, M., Ding, X. and Snow, A. (1996) A Study of multipath in an Open Pit Environment, Poster presentation at the 9^th ION International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, ION GPS-96, September 17-20, Kansas City, USA.

Townsend, B. and P. Fenton (1994), A Practical Approach to the Reduction of Pseudorange Multipath Errors in a L1 GPS Receiver, Proceedings of ION GPS-94, Salt Lake City, September 20-23, pp. 143-148.

Townsend, B., P. Fenton, K. van Dierendonck and R.D.J. van Nee (1995), L1 Carrier Phase Multipath Error Reduction Using MEDLL Technology, Proceedings of ION GPS-95, Palm Spring, September 12-15, pp. 1539-1544.

Tranquilla, J. and J. Carr (1991), GPS Multipath Field Observations at Land and Water Sites, NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 37, 4, pp. 393-414.

Vaillon L et al. (2000) Spacecraft Attitude Determination using GPS: From Concept to Experiment, International Workshop on Aerospace Applications of the Global Positioning System, Breckenridge, Colorado, USA (2000)

Vaillon et al (1999). Attitude Determination using GPS: Multipath Reduction Through GPS antenna Design, 4th ESA International conference on Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Veitsel V A, A.V. Zhdanov, M.I. Zhodzishsky (1998). The Mitigation of Multipath Errors by Strobe Correlators in GPS/GLONASS Receivers. GPS Solutions, Vol.2, No.2, 38-45

Walker R, K. Kubik (1998). Simulation of GPS Performance in Open Cut Mines: Predicting Multipath Effects and Diffraction Errors. Geomatics Info Magazine, Vol.12, No.2, 56

Walker, Rodney A. & Kubik, K., "Numerical Modelling of GPS Signal Propagation", Proceedings of ION-GPS 96,
September 1996, Part 1 pp. 709-717. 

Walker, Rodney A. & Kubik, K., "Comparison of RTK Failure Models for Receiver Jamming by Multipath",
Proceedings of ION National Technical Meeting, January 1997.

Weill, L.R. (1997) Conquering Multipath: The GPS Accuracy Battle, GPS World, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 59-66.

Weill L (1997) A GPS Multipath Mitigation by Means of Correlator Reference Waveform Design, Proc. Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting, pp. 197-206, January.